Flash smelting and flash converting are mature technologies in copper and nickel sulfide smelting. The sensitivity of operation concerning the furnace design is evident.
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Download scientific diagram | A simplified flowchart of nickel flash smelting (DON) and slag cleaning. The box drawn with dashed lines indicates the focus area of this study. In this work, coke ...
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Outokumpu Harjavalta Metals Oy has been producing nickel since 1962, based on conventional flash smelting technology followed by electrowinning of nickel. In the 1980s, a research project …
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Flash smelting of copper concentrates was commissioned in Harjavalta in 1949. A decade later, nickel flash smelting was commissioned, in 1959. Due to the development of …
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Since the first industrial application in 1940s, flash smelting has been developed for other applications than copper matte smelting, including the oxygen enriched smelting, continuous converting ...
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Producing concentrates and processing them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting to matte followed by hydrometallurgical refining offers a reliable route from …
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Experience of the direct Outokumpu nickel (DON) smelting process gained over the first ten years of operation is reviewed, including the significant environmental impacts. In …
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Flash smelting technology was operated for the first time on an industrial scale on April 20th, 1949 at the Harjavalta copper smelter in Finland. ... at the same time as the Direct Outotec Nickel …
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Flash smelting entails continuously blowing oxygen, air, dried particulate sulfide concentrate and silica flux into a 1300 °C furnace. The principal objective of flash smelting is …
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A thermodynamic model of nickel smelting and direct high-grade nickel matte smelting process: part I. Model development and validation. Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process …
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and environmental impact. Direct Blister Flash Smelting is a natural choice for higher-grade copper concentrates due to its lower capital investment costs. Direct Nickel Flash …
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's Outotec process for Flash Smelting is one of the world's most commonly used processes for the production of primary copper and nickel. The process is based on our flash smelting principle, which utilizes the internal energy of the …
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Copper flash smelting, Mitsubishi copper smelting, Noranda copper smelting, nickel flash smelting, nickel direct high-grade matte smelting process, QSL lead smelting, KIVCET lead smelting, and ...
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Behaviour of trace elements in the nickel matte smelting was studied at 1673 K (1400°C) by equilibration-quenching techniques followed by direct phase analyses using …
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Abstract Flash smelting and flash converting are mature technologies in copper and nickel sulfide smelting. The sensitivity of operation concerning the furnace design is …
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Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from concentrate to product.
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Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from concentrate to product. …
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Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap …
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OUTOTEC FLASH SMELTING. TECHNOLOGY Our proven Flash Smelting technology is the cleanest and most efficient smelting method for the production of copper and nickel from BENEFITS Low investment and operating costs …
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Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after ...
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study of the distributions in a nickel smelting system is detrimental impurities such as As, Sb, and Bi, is pre-necessary to achieve desirable control of minor elements. sented here. There were …
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Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from …
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A recent survey of worldwide nickel sulfide smelters [3] revealed that flash smelting accounted for approximately 70% of output of the nickel sulfide smelters in 2004 with electric furnace …
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centrator, sulfuric acid, and pyrometallurgical plants and processes, such as flash smelt-ing, direct flash smelting and converting (DON), Ausmelt nickel smelting and converting, and slag …
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I.V. Kojo, T. Mäkinen, and P. Hanniala, " Direct Outo-kumpu Nickel Flash Smelting Process—DON—High Metal Recoveries with Minimum Emissions " (Paper presented at the CIM Conference, Sudbury ...
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Get continuous production of high-grade nickel matte with low iron content with 's Outotec process for Direct Nickel Flash Smelting. When coupled with our slag cleaning process, nickel …
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The process itself is proven, as its features are similar to those in FSF, Direct-to-Blister and Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting (DON), with one significant difference: it is the easiest of ...
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Nowadays, approximately 90 % of the world's production of nickel is based on pyrometallurgical processes, among which Outotec (originally Outokumpu) flash …
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It is noteworthy that Outokumpu Oyj sold its first flash-smelting licence to the Co. Ltd. at Ashio, Japan in 1956 after installing two units at its Harjavalta smelter in …
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In the DON process, high grade nickel matte of low iron content is produced in the flash smelting furnace directly without subsequent converting. The metal values in the smelting …
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