Here we simulate the ATAL for summer 2013 with the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model and explore the likely composition of ATAL aerosols and the relative …
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Both the physical nature and chemical composition of petroleum are determined initially by the type of organic matter in the source rock where the petroleum is generated. ...
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It has been observed that the chemical composition of the rainwater is very different from the chemical composition of the ATAL layer indicating non-existence of …
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The single-particle analysis suggests that the organic matter within the ATAL and in the lower stratosphere (even above 420K) can partly be identified as organosulfates (OS), in particular …
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We found that organic aerosol was less oxidized in lower regions of the ATAL (<380K) compared to higher altitudes (here 390 - 420K). These results suggest that particles formed in the lower …
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Depending on their natural state, they are classified as follows: atmospheric gases (chemical, biochemical, radiogenic mixtures of gases); crustal gases (peat gases in the soil, subsoil, mud …
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Abstract. Aircraft-borne in situ measurements of the chemical aerosol composition were conducted in the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) over the Indian subcontinent in the summer of 2017, covering particle sizes below ∼3 µm. We …
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Numbers are common parts of organic chemical names because they indicate which C atom in a chain contains a distinguishing feature. The compounds 1-butene and 2-butene have different physical and chemical …
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Abstract. Read online. Aircraft-borne in situ measurements of the chemical aerosol composition were conducted in the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) over the Indian subcontinent in …
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In addition to exploring the origin, maintenance, and variability of the ATAL, previous studies have also investigated its chemical composition. For instance, the sulfate aerosol …
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Our analysis reveals that the influence of NH 3 on aerosol mass concentrations and chemical composition is substantial through particle growth in the ATAL, as is evidenced …
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From its introduction 4,000 years ago as a fuel for heating and cooking, to its nineteenth- and twentieth-century use in generating electricity and as a chemical feedstock, coal, along with …
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The simplest alkane is methane (CH 4), a colorless, odorless gas that is the major component of natural gas. In larger alkanes whose carbon atoms are joined in an unbranched chain (straight-chain alkanes), each carbon atom …
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There are a large number of natural phenomena that involve the chemical properties of gases. Methane (CH 4 C H 4), for example, is produced during the bacterial fermentation of organic matter. Gases, whether of natural or …
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Composition, origin, and source attribution for the ATAL must account for the lifetime of contributing aerosols and precursor gases with respect to chemical and physical loss mechanisms. Scavenging of pollutants during …
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35 this work, aerosol particles in the ATAL were collected with a balloon -borne impactor near the 36 tropopause region ove r India, using extended duration balloon flights, in summer 2017 …
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This process, according to D. I. Mendeleev and supporters of the hypothesis, is constant. Therefore, the reduction of hydrocarbon reserves in the form of oil and gas, …
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issue is the ATAL chemical composition. During the 2017 EU StratoClim project in-situ experiments were performed on board the M-55 "Geophysica" aircraft based in Kathmandu, …
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Natural gas (NG) is a naturally gaseous hydrocarbon mixture that is formed under the earth's surface. NG is considered to be the cleanest fossil fuel and is a safe source of …
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Organic compounds are a type chemical compounds where one or more than one carbon covalently bonded with each other and with other atom like nitrogen, oxygen, halogen …
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Natural gas - Composition, Properties, Uses: Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric …
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the ATAL results from the conversion of inorganic and organic gas-phase precursors, rather than from the uplift of primary particles from below. This can be inferred from the fact that the …
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In the summer, a layer of aerosol in the ASM UTLS, named the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) was observed by satellites (Vernier et al., 2015) and balloon-borne optical particle counters (Vernier et al., 2018; Yu et …
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"Consequently, the ATAL chemical composition is largely determined by the relative contributions of new particle formation and secondary particle growth at altitude compared to the upward …
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An organic compound is one of a broad class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen, are covalently bound to atoms of …
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In Chapter 2 "Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Formulas", you were introduced to the major classes of organic compounds, covalent compounds composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen.
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In our study of organic chemistry, it will become extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic …
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Aircraft borne in-situ measurements of the chemical aerosol composition were conducted in the Asian Tropopause Aerosol layer (ATAL) over the Indian subcontinent in …
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